http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/123456789/7 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 12:34:51 GMT 2026-04-21T12:34:51Z http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/16088 Community language schools in Australia: Investigating the role of textbooks in shaping the construction of cultural identities of Sri Lankan and Indian Tamil students Shanmugam, Kulam Children of immigrants can be taught to accept diversity and multiculturalism by clearly understanding who they are and what adjustments they need to make in their socialisation process. Teaching programs at community language schools in Australia are part of the maintenance of languages and cultures of children with an immigrant background. As a community organisation, one of the roles of a community language school is preparing the younger generations of migrants to clearly understand their own identity and thereby make them ready to accept and respect the diversity in Australian society. Tamils are seen as one of the new waves of mass migration in Australia. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021), there were 95,404 Tamil-speaking people in Australia. This was 30.4% higher than in 2016. More than 1,000 students and around 100 teachers are actively involved in the Tamil community language schools in New South Wales. As the aims and objectives of the Tamil community language schools indicate, students are expected to learn more about their own identity and heritage at the Tamil schools so that they prepare themselves to effectively live as Australian Tamils within the diverse Australian society. Nevertheless, and even though Tamils are one of the major emerging communities in New South Wales (NSW), there has not been any study about the Tamil-speaking communities in terms of language education practices. Therefore, this research has investigated how textbooks, shape the identity formation of students attending NSW Tamil schools. This study has focused on the textbooks (Years 4 to 8) used in Tamil community language schools in NSW. The research design has involved analysing the selected textbooks and conducting interviews with the principal and teachers at a NSW Tamil community language school, using the textbooks, regarding their experiences in relation to these teaching tools. Drawing on critical discourse analysis the data have been analysed as to how or whether the content of the textbooks could influence the identity formation process of the learners. The findings revealed that the content of the textbooks had been purposely chosen to represent elements of Tamil language, culture and identity, despite some overlapping between these elements. The results also indicated that grading of the contents and organisation of topics could have been made to better match with the learners’ cognitive levels. Inclusion of tasks for conversations would have enhanced opportunities for the learners to put language skills into practice and develop their abilities in spoken Tamil. The study recommends that the voices of learners and parents systematically be used to redesign the contents of the textbooks to make them more relevant and attractive, and better meet the learning needs of new generations of Tamils in appropriate ways. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/16088 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15661 FACTORS AFFECTING THE BUSINESS SUCCESS AND PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS AT KATTANKUDY DIVISION, IN BATTICALOA DISTRICT CHITHRA, KULANTHAIVADIVEL This study is aimed to contributing to the entrepreneurship literature by identifying factors affecting women entrepreneurs' performance and business success. This also examines the opportunity recognition as a mediator between influencing factors and the performance of women entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach the study proposes a model that shows the effects of different factors on women entrepreneurs' performance & business success. The paper demonstrates several challenges that are encountered by women entrepreneurs such as lack of access to financial resources, access to market, access to education, access to information & network, the work family interface, legal barriers & procedure, lack of social support, and low income. The study used both primary and secondary data sources. The quantitative survey was employed taking a sample of I l8 respondents selected through a simple random sampling technique to collect data through a questionnaire, data were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis based on SPSS 2.0.0. And the discussion was used to consolidate and verify the results. The results suggest that the economic, social & cultural factors mostly influence unfavorably on women entrepreneur performance. However, the Legal & Admin factors influence as a favor to their business perseverance. Research limitations/implications as the study are conducted at Kathankudy Division in Batticaloa District, it may lack generalization. In future research, it is advisable to expand more study factors, use peer groups interviews as a research tool especially for Kathankudy and make comparisons between women and men entrepreneurial performances. The paper can help increase women entrepreneurs' performance and enable them to make use of the lousiness environment in a more efficient and effective way. Although several papers already exist that discuss issues on women entrepreneurs, there has been little research focusing on factors affecting the business success and performance of women entrepreneurs, particularly at Kathankudy Division, Batticaloa. Our study explores important issues and calls for more research in this domain. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15661 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15660 IMPACT OF MOBILE MARKETING ON BRAND EQUITY IN THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY IN TRINCOMALEE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PIZZAHUT KEERTHINI, SIVANESAN This study aims to assess the impact of mobile marketing on brand equity in the fust food industry with special reference to Pizza Hut in Trincomalee. The mobile marketing dimensions are SMS marketing, Location based marketing and mobile apps adopted from Mobile Marketing Association (MMA) (2016) cited by Alevtina Gribanova (2016). Brand equity is value may be reflected in how consumers think, feel, and act concerning the brand that consumers had to perceive from marketing programs. Brand equity is an important intangible assert that has psychological and financial valuer to the firm, Accordingly. this study developed three research objectives and three hypotheses to achieve its aim. The positivist perspective was used to examine the hypotheses. Since the study was aimed et exploring relationships between known variables, a questionnaire was designed using key items form relevant studies. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect the required data. This study has used a quantitative research approach and data were collected among the 200 customers of Pizza Hut Trincomalee Region of Sri Lanka. The study found that there are significant positive relationships and impact of mobile marketing on Brand Equity with special reference to Pizza Hut Trincomalee District. Determining factors such as SMS marketing, Location based advertisement , Mobile App and Brand Equity knowledge about the were all taken into consideration on the questionnaire. Data were processed via SPSS and analyzed through descriptive and informant statistics. The results suggest that there is a strong positive relationship between mobile marketing and brand equity in the fast food industry in Trincomalee. On other 'hand this study empirically contributes to marketing managers regarding mobile marketing and brand equity. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15660 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15659 GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE: MEDIATING ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENT AND ECO - FRIENDLY BEHAVIOUR OF EMPLOYEES IN COMMERCIAL BANKS KUGATHASAN, KANDIAH The subject of green human resource management in banks' environmental commitment of employee, employee eco - friendly behaviour remains relatively underexplored. Moreover, most studies ignore the mediating effect of how to improve environmental commitment of employee, employee eco - friendly behaviour and banks' organizational environmental performance through green human resource management practices. Hence, this study aims to examine the relationships among those variables and the mediating effect of those variables in the Banks. ln order to achieve the study objectives, primary data were collected from in selected banks and a set of questionnaire was issued among the 300 banks employees in Batticaloa region. Among these 300, researcher has received 294 questionnaires. The simple mediation analysis was used to test the research model. Findings of the study revealed that, there are positive and significant relationships exist among the study variables. Moreover, empirical finding of the study indicated environmental commitment of employee, employee eco - friendly behaviour partially mediates the relationship between green human resource management practices and organizational environmental performance of the banks. The empirical finding of the study contradicted with what was hypothesized in the study. Hence, further empirical studies should be carried out to test and prove the mediating role of environmental commitment of employee, employee eco friendly behaviour of employees. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15659 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z