Abstract:
This study investigates the breeding techniques practiced by smallholder cattle farmers
in the NuwaraEhya District of Sri Lanka, with a focus on improving milk production
and addressing challenges in cattle breeding techniques. The research employed a
mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and interviews with 150 smallholder
farmers across eight veterinary regions in the district. Data were analyzed using
descriptive statistics to evaluate breeding practices, farmer preferences, and
socioec onomic factors influencin g cattle farming.
The findings reveal that Artificial Insemination (AI) is the predominant breeding
method (67%), favored for its ease of management and efficiency, while natural
breeding remains practiced by 33% of farmers. Jersey cross-breeds (69%) and Friesian
(20%) are the most common cattle breeds, selected primarily for milk yield, disease
resistance, and adaptability to the local climate. Key challenges identified include a
lack of knowledge in heat detection and AI procedures, poor infrastructure, and
environmental stressors.
The study highlights the need for targeted farmer education programs, improved
veterinary services, and better access to AI resowces to enhance breeding success and
productivity. By addressing these gaps, smallholder farmers can optimize cattle
breeding practices, conkibuting to increased milk production and sustainable dairy
farming in the Nuwara Eliya District. This research provides valuable insights for
policymakers, extension services, and stakeholders aiming to strengthen the dairy
sector in Sri Lanka.
